PHOTOPHOBIA / LIGHT SENSITIVITY

Photophobia is a condition characterized by an abnormal sensitivity to light, where even moderate illumination can feel uncomfortable, overwhelming, or painful. It is not a disease on its own, but rather a symptom that appears across a wide range of neurological, ocular, and systemic conditions. For many, photophobia begins subtly — a strain when stepping outdoors, difficulty focusing under fluorescent lights, or an instinctive squinting that grows worse over time. For others, it can become an intense daily burden that limits productivity, social interactions, and overall comfort.

Although commonly associated with migraines, eye disorders, head trauma, or certain infections, photophobia often has deeper physiological roots involving the nerves and structures that regulate how the eye processes light. The chronic nature of this light sensitivity means that the discomfort typically persists unless the underlying cause is identified and managed. Therefore, it is not simply about reducing brightness or wearing tinted lenses, but about addressing the biological mechanisms that drive the hypersensitivity. A proper, individualized approach is essential, as photophobia reflects a complex interaction between the eyes, the brain, and the systems that support them.